It is generally acknowledged that RBC folate levels provide a more accurate indication of long term nutritional status than plasma or serum folate level, which is influenced by recent ingestion of food. A deficiency of folate has also been reported to enhance the expression of endogenous and exogenous oncogenes. The benefits of folate cobalamin in reducing the risk of cancer or precancer in epithelial tissues have been reported in the literature.Įto and Krumdieck in a review of the role of vitamin B 12 and folate deficiencies in carcinogenesis, observed that neither deficiency is carcinogenic by itself but that each may increase susceptibility to the action of other carcinogens. Folate is involved in DNA methylation, through which it may influence gene stability and expression. The rationale for folate’s possible protection against cancer is based on its roles in DNA synthesis and repairing damaged DNA. These chemical interactions may have physiological significance is supported by reports of lower circulating folate and B 12 levels in smokers and the buccal mucosal cells of tobacco smokers were shown to have a decreased concentration of folate. Some of the carcinogenic substances present in tobacco smoke ‘primarily organic nitrites, cyanates, and isocyanates’, have been shown to interact with folate and vitamin B 12 coenzymes, transforming them into biologically inactive compounds. Instead, presumably, acts synergistically with other genetic and environmental factors, such as tobacco carcinogens, making cells more susceptible to mutagens and increasing the rate of tumor progression. Low folate level probably does not have an independent role as an initiating factor. have reported low levels of vitamin B 12 and folate in a group of Indian patients with oral leukoplakia, furthermore, several other investigators have suggested that deficiency of folate enhances development of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions, which are suppressed by folate supplementation. from Italy who found that serum folate levels were significantly lower in patients with head and neck carcinoma and in patients with laryngeal leukoplakia compared with serum folate levels in both the smoker and nonsmoker control group. In this study a decrease in the plasma folate levels was observed in the patients consuming tobacco as compared to the non smokers, thus confirming recent observation by Almadori et al. One of the harmful effects of tobacco consumption is the alterations in the plasma/serum levels of micronutrients. In this study tobacco smoking was recorded in at least 74.2% of patients with OED compared with 49.0% in healthy controls thus confirm the significance of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors in the aetiology of OED. It is generally agreed that tobacco consumption is a major aetiological factor for OED and many studies have shown an over-representation of tobacco smokers amongst patients with OED.
A significant decrease in the serum levels of folate, red blood cell folate were found in OED compared to normal tobacco smokers ( p39 years Mean serum levels of vitamin B 12, folate, and red blood cells folate in normal non-smokers and smokers control subjects compared with OED are detailed in Table 2. Serum folate, red blood cell folate and vitamin B 12 among cases and control subjects
A significant decrease in the serum levels of folate, red blood cell folate was found in OED compared to normal tobacco smokers ( p 70 The majority of OED were graded either mild (46.7%) or moderate (40.0%) lesions and most of patients with OED were current smokers of more than 20 cigarettes per day for more than 20 years compared with normal healthy control. Measurement of serum folate and vitamin B 12 were carried out using radioassay. Data were collected from 120 patients with OED and 120 healthy control Subjects matched for age and gender, selected from patients with oral diseases not caused by tobacco or alcohol or related to knowing haematinic deficiency. To evaluate the circulating level of vitamin B 12, serum folate, red blood cells folate and iron among OED patients. The aims of this study were: to evaluate the circulating levels of vitamin B 12, folate status and iron, in patients with OED and to compare these levels with the values obtained in normal control subjects with and without tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. Deficiency of vitamin B 12 and folate is associated with causation of certain precancerous and cancerous lesions. Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is a histopathologic diagnosis associated with an increased risk of cancer.
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